The in-road of digital media technologies into football has simplified referees decisions on contestable goals. This study examine the adoption of Video Assistant Referees (VAR) and Goal Line Technology (GLT) and how the interpretation of the communication between referees affects the outcome of the games. This study is anchored on Diffusion of Innovations theory. A sample of 150 pitch-based referees were proportionally selected on the basis 25 per continents for interview. This study is aimed at exploring the communicative frame of reference for technological and pitch-based referees. The study argued that VAR and GLT communication situation is largely interpreted using guess work by the pitch-based referees, as angular lens, perspectives and human prejudice of technological referees in the control room subjects the pitch-based referees to polysemous interpretations. Contrary to the speculations that the diffusion of technology usually resulted to structural unemployment, the adoption of VAR and GLT has opened up opportunities for increased numbers of referees and match officials. Consequently, this research tries to establish whether the diffusion of digital media technology into football officiating has excommunicate human errors and blunders envisaged in the era of analogue pitch and referees, thereby setting the paste for minimal errors in the contemporary phase of digital officiating.
VAR, GLT, Technology, Referee, Pitch and Communication
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